python data types and its methods a dive in

@amitmund June 17, 2026

Integer (`int`)

Integers are whole numbers.

x = 10
y = 3

Integer Operations

Addition

print(x + y)

Output:

Subtraction

print(x - y)

Output:

Multiplication

print(x * y)

Output:

Division

print(x / y)

Output:

3.3333333333333335

Floor Division

print(x // y)

Output:

Modulus

print(x % y)

Output:

Power

print(x ** y)

Output:

Integer Methods

Integers have very few methods.

bit_length()

Returns number of bits required.

num = 10

print(num.bit_length())

Output:

to_bytes()

print((65).to_bytes(1, 'big'))

Output:

b'A'

from_bytes()

print(int.from_bytes(b'A', 'big'))

Output:

Float (`float`)

Stores decimal values.

price = 99.99

Float Operations

Same arithmetic operators as integers.

a = 10.5
b = 2.5

print(a + b)
print(a - b)
print(a * b)
print(a / b)

Output:

13.0
8.0
26.25
4.2

Float Methods

is_integer()

print((10.0).is_integer())

Output:

True

as_integer_ratio()

print((0.5).as_integer_ratio())

Output:

(1, 2)

hex()

print((10.5).hex())

Complex (`complex`)

z = 3 + 4j

Operations

a = 2 + 3j
b = 1 + 1j

print(a + b)
print(a - b)
print(a * b)

Attributes

print(z.real)
print(z.imag)

Output:

3.0
4.0

Boolean (`bool`)

x = True
y = False

Operations

print(x and y)
print(x or y)
print(not x)

Output:

False
True
False

String (`str`)

Strings have the largest number of commonly used methods.

text = "Python Programming"

String Operations

Concatenation

print("Hello" + " World")

Output:

Hello World

Repetition

print("Hi" * 3)

Output:

HiHiHi

Membership

print("Py" in text)

Output:

True

String Methods

upper()

print(text.upper())

lower()

print(text.lower())

title()

print(text.title())

capitalize()

print(text.capitalize())

swapcase()

print(text.swapcase())

strip()

print("  Hello  ".strip())

lstrip()

print("  Hello".lstrip())

rstrip()

print("Hello  ".rstrip())

replace()

print(text.replace("Python", "Java"))

split()

print(text.split())

join()

words = ["Python", "Java", "C++"]

print("-".join(words))

find()

print(text.find("P"))

index()

print(text.index("P"))

startswith()

print(text.startswith("Python"))

endswith()

print(text.endswith("ing"))

count()

print(text.count("m"))

isalpha()

print("Python".isalpha())

isdigit()

print("123".isdigit())

isnumeric()

print("123".isnumeric())

isalnum()

print("Python123".isalnum())

islower()

print("python".islower())

isupper()

print("PYTHON".isupper())

center()

print("Python".center(20))

zfill()

print("10".zfill(5))

List (`list`)

Lists are mutable.

numbers = [10, 20, 30]

List Operations

Concatenation

print([1,2] + [3,4])

Repetition

print([1] * 3)

Membership

print(10 in numbers)

List Methods

append()

numbers.append(40)

extend()

numbers.extend([50, 60])

insert()

numbers.insert(1, 15)

remove()

numbers.remove(20)

pop()

numbers.pop()

clear()

numbers.clear()

copy()

new_list = numbers.copy()

count()

print(numbers.count(10))

index()

print(numbers.index(10))

reverse()

numbers.reverse()

sort()

numbers.sort()

Tuple (`tuple`)

Immutable sequence.

data = (10, 20, 30)

Tuple Methods

count()

print(data.count(10))

index()

print(data.index(20))

Set (`set`)

Stores unique values.

s1 = {1, 2, 3}
s2 = {3, 4, 5}

Set Operations

Union

print(s1 | s2)

Intersection

print(s1 & s2)

Difference

print(s1 - s2)

Symmetric Difference

print(s1 ^ s2)

Set Methods

add()

s1.add(10)

update()

s1.update([20, 30])

remove()

s1.remove(1)

discard()

s1.discard(1)

pop()

s1.pop()

clear()

s1.clear()

union()

print(s1.union(s2))

intersection()

print(s1.intersection(s2))

difference()

print(s1.difference(s2))

issubset()

print({1,2}.issubset(s1))

issuperset()

print(s1.issuperset({1}))

Dictionary (`dict`)

Stores key-value pairs.

student = {
    "name": "John",
    "age": 21
}

Dictionary Operations

Access

print(student["name"])

Add

student["city"] = "Delhi"

Update

student["age"] = 22

Delete

del student["city"]

Dictionary Methods

get()

print(student.get("name"))

keys()

print(student.keys())

values()

print(student.values())

items()

print(student.items())

update()

student.update({"city":"Delhi"})

pop()

student.pop("age")

popitem()

student.popitem()

clear()

student.clear()

copy()

new_student = student.copy()

setdefault()

student.setdefault("country", "India")

Range (`range`)

numbers = range(1, 10)

Operations

print(list(numbers))
print(numbers[0])

Bytes (`bytes`)

data = b"ABC"

Operations

print(data[0])

Output:

Bytearray (`bytearray`)

Mutable version of bytes.

data = bytearray(b"ABC")

data[0] = 68

print(data)

Output:

bytearray(b'DBC')

Frozenset (`frozenset`)

Immutable set.

fs = frozenset([1, 2, 3])

Operations

print(1 in fs)

NoneType

value = None

print(type(value))

Output:

<class 'NoneType'>

Common Beginner Mistakes

Mistake 1

❌ Wrong

numbers = (1,2,3)

numbers.append(4)

Output:

AttributeError

Reason:

Tuples do not have append().

Mistake 2

❌ Wrong

name = "Python"

name.upper()

print(name)

Output:

Python

Reason:

Strings are immutable.

✅ Correct

name = name.upper()

Mistake 3

❌ Wrong

student["address"]

Output:

KeyError

✅ Better

student.get("address")

Homework 1

Create a list:

[10, 20, 30]

Add:

at the end.

Solution

numbers = [10, 20, 30]

numbers.append(40)

print(numbers)

Homework 2

Convert:

"python programming"

into uppercase.

Solution

text = "python programming"

print(text.upper())

Homework 3

Find common values between:

{1,2,3,4}

and

{3,4,5,6}

Solution

s1 = {1,2,3,4}
s2 = {3,4,5,6}

print(s1.intersection(s2))

Output:

{3, 4}

Homework 4

Create a dictionary:

{
    "name":"John",
    "age":20
}

Add:

"city":"Mumbai"

Solution

student = {
    "name":"John",
    "age":20
}

student["city"] = "Mumbai"

print(student)

Homework 5

Count the number of occurrences of:

"a"

in:

"banana"

Solution

print("banana".count("a"))

Output:

Summary

Data Type	Common Methods
int	bit_length()
float	is_integer(), hex()
str	upper(), lower(), split(), replace()
list	append(), extend(), sort(), remove()
tuple	count(), index()
set	add(), remove(), union(), intersection()
dict	get(), keys(), values(), items()
bytes	indexing
bytearray	mutable indexing
frozenset	set operations only
range	indexing, iteration
NoneType	no methods

Master these before learning:

Operators
Conditional Statements
Loops
Functions
Exception Handling
File Handling
Object-Oriented Programming

Integer (int)

Integer Operations

Addition

Subtraction

Multiplication

Division

Floor Division

Modulus

Power

Integer Methods

bit_length()

to_bytes()

from_bytes()

Float (float)

Float Operations

Float Methods

is_integer()

as_integer_ratio()

hex()

Complex (complex)

Operations

Attributes

Boolean (bool)

Operations

String (str)

String Operations

Concatenation

Repetition

Membership

String Methods

upper()

lower()

title()

capitalize()

swapcase()

strip()

lstrip()

rstrip()

replace()

split()

join()

find()

index()

startswith()

endswith()

count()

isalpha()

isdigit()

isnumeric()

isalnum()

islower()

isupper()

center()

zfill()

List (list)

List Operations

Concatenation

Repetition

Membership

List Methods

append()

extend()

insert()

remove()

pop()

clear()

copy()

count()

index()

reverse()

sort()

Tuple (tuple)

Tuple Methods

count()

index()

Set (set)

Set Operations

Union

Intersection

Difference

Integer (`int`)

Float (`float`)

Complex (`complex`)

Boolean (`bool`)

String (`str`)

List (`list`)

Tuple (`tuple`)

Set (`set`)

Dictionary (`dict`)

Range (`range`)

Bytes (`bytes`)

Bytearray (`bytearray`)

Frozenset (`frozenset`)